Hajiyeva I.B.
NEW COMPOUNDS AS ANTI-SEIZE AND BIOCIDAL ADDITIVES TO LUBRICANT OILS *
Аннотация:
new derivatives of thiocarbonic acids were synthesized and studied in the work. They are multifunctional additives that are created on the basis of compounds containing S, P, N, Cl atoms. The studies have identically shown the effectiveness of introducing polar groups into thiocarbonate molecules in order to enhance their lubricating, especially anti-seize properties.
Ключевые слова:
xanthates, additives, lubricating properties
DOI 10.24412/2712-8849-2025-586-1867-1871
At the present stage of development of mechanical engineering, transmission oils are in great demand. The cheapest class of transmission oils for production is obtained on a petroleum basis and is used, as a rule, in aggregates operating at low temperatures and low loads. However, under more severe conditions, a package of additives is introduced into transmission oils that stabilize viscosity with significant changes in the temperature range and reduces the destruction of gearbox parts. It is known that modern anti-seize additives are created on the basis of compounds containing S, P, N, Cl atoms [1-3]. Derivatives of thiocarbonic acids make up a large group of additives that improve the lubricating and anti-corrosion properties of transmission and industrial oils. Research has clearly shown the effectiveness of introducing polar groups into thiocarbonate molecules in order to enhance their lubricating, especially anti-seize properties.Summarizing the above, it can be said that the interaction of chloroacetamide and formaldehyde was studied in a complex manner, the effect of various factors on the course of the reaction was studied, the composition of the products obtained, and their transformations were determined. The results obtained can be visually described by the following scheme:The aim of studying the interaction of chloroacetamide with formaldehyde was to obtain a linking intermediate for the preparation of oil-soluble sulfur derivatives of acetamide. N-methylolchloroacetamide, which has a high polarity, is not soluble in oil. It was unlikely that the substances obtained by replacing the chlorine atom in the molecule with derivatives of thiocarbonic acids would also be soluble in oil. However, at the same time, the replacement of the hydroxyl hydrogen in the molecule with alkyl radicals gave rise to such a possibility. Therefore, the study of the interaction of N-methylolchloroacetamide with the corresponding alcohols and mercaptans in order to obtain alkoxy- and alkylthiomethyl ethers was a logical continuation of the research. The purpose of studying the interaction of chloroacetamide with formaldehyde was to obtain a linking intermediate for obtaining sulfur derivatives of acetamide that are soluble in oil. N-methylolchloroacetamide, which has a high polarity, is not soluble in oil. It was unlikely that the substances obtained by replacing the chlorine atom in the molecule with derivatives of thiocarbonic acids would also be soluble in oil. However, at the same time, the replacement of the hydroxyl hydrogen in the molecule with alkyl radicals gave rise to such a possibility. Therefore, the study of the interaction of N-methylolchloroacetamide with the corresponding alcohols and mercaptans in order to obtain alkoxy- and alkylthiomethyl ethers was a logical continuation of the research. In the first experiments, attempts were made to obtain N-alkoxymethylchloroacetamides directly from the starting reagents - amide, formaldehyde and alcohol. The equation for the reaction carried out in the presence of solid sulfate or hydrochloric acid can be expressed as follows.Studies have shown that N-alkoxymethylchloroacetamides are not the only products of the reaction of chloroacetamide, formaldehyde and alcohols in the presence of acid catalysts at a temperature of 60-65°C. Thus, in addition to the main substance, the reaction products also contain a certain amount of dialkoxy methanes (up to 15%) and N-methylolchloroacetamide (10-16%). The presence of N-methylolchloroacetamide among the reaction products is not surprising. This substance is undoubtedly a product of the first stage of the process of obtaining alkoxymethylchloroacetamide in an acidic environment. In the next step of the process, the oxonium compound II formed by the proton loses a water molecule and forms carbacation III, Which in its turn interacts with the nucleophilic alcohol molecule to form the final product - N-alkoxymethylchloroacetamide. The formation of dialkoxymethane can be explained by the fact that carbacation III is not the only carbacation formed by formaldehyde, which is distinguished by its high chemical activity, in an acidic environment. Formaldehyde, under such conditions, readily interacts directly with the alcohol molecule to form first carbacation VI and then dialkoxymethane according to the following equation:N-Alkoxymethylchloroacetamides are not difficult to separate from the reaction mixture. N-methylolchloroacetamide is very soluble in water, but is insoluble in chloroform. The dialkoxymethane and N-alkoxymethylchloroacetamide extracted from the reaction mixture by the latter are washed with water until neutral and freed from the solvent, and then obtained individually by distillation in vacuum. The yield of N- alkoxymethylchloroacetamides obtained by this method is 58-62% of the theoretical yield.All synthesized compounds were investigated as extreme pressure additives to transmission oils, with the exception of oxides of methylenebiscarbamoylmethyl(alkyl)xanthates, which have limited solubility in mineral oils. In this regard, oxydimethylenebiscarbamoylmethyl(nonyl and butyl)xanthates were investigated as additives to cutting fluids intended to reduce the temperature during metal cutting or pressure treatment. It is known that additives in low concentrations (1-2%) can be used in cutting fluids for grinding operations. To study compounds containing a carbamoyl fragment, 1% cutting fluid solutions were prepared. The results of testing the extreme pressure properties of oxydimethylenebiscarbamoylmethyl(nonyl and butyl)xanthates were studied in TB-20 oil. The antimicrobial effect of compounds in cutting fluids containing a carbamoyl fragment has also been revealed.
Номер журнала Вестник науки №5 (86) том 4
Ссылка для цитирования:
Hajiyeva I.B. NEW COMPOUNDS AS ANTI-SEIZE AND BIOCIDAL ADDITIVES TO LUBRICANT OILS // Вестник науки №5 (86) том 4. С. 1867 - 1871. 2025 г. ISSN 2712-8849 // Электронный ресурс: https://www.вестник-науки.рф/article/23505 (дата обращения: 13.07.2025 г.)
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