Saduakas Zh.
RELIABILITY PROBLEMS IN NETWORKS AND INFORMATION PROTECTION *
Аннотация:
this article addresses the pressing issues of reliability in computer networks and information protection amid growing cybersecurity threats. The study focuses on key factors affecting network infrastructure resilience, including hardware fault tolerance, software vulnerabilities, and data interception risks. Contemporary approaches to ensuring network reliability—such as redundancy, distributed architectures, and monitoring methods—are discussed in detail. The paper also explores core information security mechanisms, including cryptographic protocols, intrusion detection systems, and access control policies. A risk and countermeasure classification is proposed, and the future development of cybersecurity technologies is examined in the context of maintaining reliable network operations.
Ключевые слова:
network reliability, information protection, cybersecurity, fault tolerance, cryptography, information security, network threats, intrusion detection, data security, IT infrastructure resilience
DOI 10.24412/2712-8849-2025-687-1333-1342
Introduction. In today’s digital age, the reliability of computer networks and the protection of information have become critical priorities for both public and private sectors. With the rapid growth of data exchange, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT), modern information systems are increasingly exposed to a wide range of threats, from hardware failures to sophisticated cyberattacks. Disruptions in network operations can lead not only to financial losses, but also to compromised confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data — the foundational pillars of information security.Relevance of the Study: The relevance of this research is driven by the rising frequency and complexity of cyber incidents worldwide, which expose systemic weaknesses in network architectures and information protection strategies. As digital infrastructure becomes more complex and interconnected, even minor vulnerabilities can be exploited with potentially catastrophic consequences. Therefore, understanding and enhancing network reliability, along with robust information protection mechanisms, is vital for ensuring business continuity, national security, and user trust.The main objective of this article is to analyze the key problems associated with network reliability and information protection, identify the underlying causes of system vulnerabilities, and explore effective methods to enhance cybersecurity resilience. The study aims to synthesize current technologies and practices that contribute to both the fault tolerance of network systems and the safeguarding of sensitive data.Methods of Research.This paper is based on a comprehensive literature review and comparative analysis of current scientific and practical approaches to network reliability and information protection. A critical examination of scholarly publications, standards, and international best practices in the fields of network engineering and cybersecurity was conducted. Sources were selected based on their relevance, citation index, and recency, with emphasis on peer-reviewed journals and technical reports.Various methods and technologies for ensuring network fault tolerance and information security—such as redundancy models, cryptographic protocols, and intrusion detection systems—were compared in terms of effectiveness, scalability, and implementation complexity. The study generalizes and classifies known problems and solutions in the area of network reliability and information protection, offering a structured overview of the field. This includes the identification of threat types, system vulnerabilities, and corresponding countermeasures. To assess the current state and evolution of cybersecurity threats, the paper also incorporates statistical data from global cybersecurity reports and highlights emerging trends in network protection technologies.Literature Review.Ensuring the reliability of networks and the protection of information has become one of the primary challenges in the context of digital transformation and growing cyber threats. Researchers emphasize that modern information systems must not only withstand external attacks but also maintain resilience during internal failures and infrastructural faults. A significant number of studies address the importance of audit procedures in maintaining the integrity and reliability of information security systems, especially in critical infrastructure sectors. Gilmanova and Akhmetshina [1] highlight that the audit process is not a one-time procedure but must accompany the entire lifecycle of an information security system. Their findings underline the role of audits as a control mechanism that helps align security policies with actual technical implementations. The concept of quantifiable security indicators is developed by Dobrodeev [2], who proposes a methodology for assessing the compliance of telecommunication networks through specific metrics.These indicators are crucial for regulatory control and internal analysis of security posture within communication organizations.Another essential approach involves fuzzy modeling for risk assessment. Kurkin and Shevchenko [3] provide a mathematical framework that accommodates the inherent uncertainty of information security threats. Their model allows organizations to evaluate risk not in binary terms, but through nuanced probabilistic estimations—thus supporting more informed decision-making. Classifying threats remains a foundational task in developing proactive security strategies. Naskidashvili [4] presents a detailed taxonomy of information security threats, categorizing them by origin, nature, and potential impact. This classification aids in constructing defense systems that are both layered and dynamic. Nikolaeva [5] provides a broader picture of the modern information security landscape, analyzing data protection challenges in the context of cloud technologies, remote access, and personal data leaks. She notes a shift toward user-centric threats, such as phishing and identity fraud, driven by the increased sophistication of social engineering.The rapid digitalization of society, as discussed by Pichuzhkina [6], has introduced both benefits and systemic risks. Her work emphasizes the need for adaptive security frameworks that evolve alongside digital infrastructures. She warns that outdated security paradigms often lag behind the evolving threat vectors of the digital economy. The legal dimension of cybersecurity is explored by Smirnov and Perebeynos [7], who argue that national legal acts are vital in defining the boundaries of secure network operation. They review recent Russian legislation and suggest that legal infrastructure must become more flexible and aligned with technological realities. Industry reports also play a critical role in illustrating real-world threat dynamics. According to Cisco Talos Intelligence Group [8], the volume of spam and email-based attacks continues to grow, with phishing remaining a dominant vector. Similarly, the Javelin Strategy report by Pascual et al. [9] emphasizes the increased complexity of identity fraud, calling for stronger authentication practices and real-time behavioral monitoring. Modern defense mechanisms increasingly rely on biometric authentication technologies. Jain, Ross, and Nandakumar [11] provide an in-depth introduction to biometric systems, analyzing their theoretical foundations and practical implementations. However, Wolf et al. [12] point out that the adoption of such technologies is hindered by user resistance, especially among non-experts. Eberz and Rasmussen [13] explore behavioral biometrics as a means for continuous authentication, offering a promising balance between security and usability.Discussion and results.Practical implementations such as two-factor authentication using mobile devices have also proven effective. An example is Google Authenticator, demonstrated on Android platforms [10], which has become a widespread tool for reinforcing access control without requiring expensive infrastructure. In summary, the reviewed literature indicates that effective information protection must be multi-layered, combining organizational audits, mathematical modeling, legal regulation, and cutting-edge authentication technologies. Each author contributes to a comprehensive view of the field, from theoretical models to applied solutions.In this context, the core components of information security can be viewed not simply as technical mechanisms, but as a synchronized ecosystem of regulatory mandates, technical guidelines, risk models, and operational processes. Maintaining balance and alignment among these components is essential for long-term security and organizational continuity. Information security is a multifaceted, one might even say multidimensional area of activity, in which success can only be achieved by a systematic, comprehensive approach.Table 1. Core Components of Information Security.These core components form the foundation of any comprehensive information security strategy. As shown in Table 2, they span technical mechanisms such as cryptography and authentication, as well as organizational functions like governance and risk management. Their integration ensures that information systems are not only technically protected but also resilient, auditable, and aligned with institutional objectives. A failure in any single component—such as availability during a denial-of-service attack or compromised integrity during data manipulation—can lead to severe operational and legal consequences.By information we mean data: about facts, events, processes and phenomena, about the state of objects (their properties, characteristics) in a certain subject area, perceived by a person or a special device and used (necessary) to optimize the decisions made in the process of managing these objects. Information can exist in various forms in the form of sets of certain signs (symbols, signals, etc.) on various types of media. In connection with the developing process of informatization of society, ever greater volumes of information are accumulated, stored and processed in automated systems built on the basis of modern computing and communications technology.Information is data about persons, objects, events, phenomena and processes (regardless of the form of their presentation), reflected on material media, used for the purpose of obtaining knowledge and practical solutions. Properties of information:➢ The value of information is determined by the degree of its usefulness for the owner (the degree of ensuring the possibility of achieving the goal set for the recipient).➢ Representativeness – the correctness of the selection of information and formation in order to adequately reflect the properties of the object.The rapid digitalization of society, as discussed by Pichuzhkina [6], has introduced both benefits and systemic risks. Her work emphasizes the need for adaptive security frameworks that evolve alongside digital infrastructures. She warns that outdated security paradigms often lag behind the evolving threat vectors of the digital economy. The legal dimension of cybersecurity is explored by Smirnov and Perebeynos [7], who argue that national legal acts are vital in defining the boundaries of secure network operation. They review recent Russian legislation and suggest that legal infrastructure must become more flexible and aligned with technological realities. Industry reports also play a critical role in illustrating real-world threat dynamics. According to Cisco Talos Intelligence Group [8], the volume of spam and email-based attacks continues to grow, with phishing remaining a dominant vector. Similarly, the Javelin Strategy report by Pascual et al. [9] emphasizes the increased complexity of identity fraud, calling for stronger authentication practices and real-time behavioral monitoring. Modern defense mechanisms increasingly rely on biometric authentication technologies. Jain, Ross, and Nandakumar [11] provide an in-depth introduction to biometric systems, analyzing their theoretical foundations and practical implementations. However, Wolf et al. [12] point out that the adoption of such technologies is hindered by user resistance, especially among non-experts. Eberz and Rasmussen [13] explore behavioral biometrics as a means for continuous authentication, offering a promising balance between security and usability.Figure 1. Theoretical Foundations and Structure of Computer Security.This diagram illustrates the theoretical origins and structural components of computer security as an interdisciplinary field grounded in mathematics, cybernetics, and computer science. Starting with fundamental areas such as algorithm theory, information theory, and coding theory, the flowchart shows how these disciplines contribute to applied cryptography and the broader field of information securityConclusion.The analysis of current research and practical developments in the field of network reliability and information protection reveals the multifaceted and dynamic nature of contemporary cybersecurity challenges. As digital infrastructures continue to expand and integrate into critical sectors of society, ensuring the resilience and fault tolerance of network systems becomes not only a technical necessity but a strategic imperative. The reviewed literature demonstrates that an effective information protection strategy must be based on a combination of technical, organizational, and legal measures. Regular audits, quantifiable security indicators, and fuzzy risk modeling form the analytical core of assessing system vulnerabilities. At the same time, the importance of classifying threats and understanding the broader context of digital transformation contributes to designing adaptive and forward-looking security architectures.The integration of legal frameworks and biometric technologies further enhances the defense capabilities of modern systems, while industry reports [8][9] and practical tools provide valuable insights into real-world threat landscapes and effective countermeasures. In conclusion, ensuring network reliability and protecting information in today’s environment requires a synergistic approach—one that unites mathematical modeling, technological innovation, user behavior analysis, and regulatory compliance. Only through such an integrated and evolving strategy can organizations and societies adequately respond to current and emerging cybersecurity risks.
Номер журнала Вестник науки №6 (87) том 1
Ссылка для цитирования:
Saduakas Zh. RELIABILITY PROBLEMS IN NETWORKS AND INFORMATION PROTECTION // Вестник науки №6 (87) том 1. С. 1333 - 1342. 2025 г. ISSN 2712-8849 // Электронный ресурс: https://www.вестник-науки.рф/article/23742 (дата обращения: 15.07.2025 г.)
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