Ilyinsky A.A.
VISUALIZATION METHODS FOR COMPLEX PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN SCHOOL PHYSICS EDUCATION *
Аннотация:
this article explores the role of visualization methods in teaching complex physical processes to middle school students (grades 7–9). The study highlights the cognitive challenges students face when learning abstract physics concepts and examines how visualization tools—such as computer simulations, animations, interactive models, and digital experiments—can enhance understanding and engagement. The article provides a classification of visualization techniques, discusses their practical applications, and offers methodological recommendations for integrating these tools into the physics curriculum. The findings emphasize the importance of dynamic and interactive visualization in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and experiential learning.
Ключевые слова:
physics education, visualization methods, complex processes, interactive models, digital experiments
Modern education faces the challenge of teaching increasingly complex scientific concepts while maintaining student engagement and comprehension. Physics, as a fundamental natural science, plays a crucial role in shaping students cognitive and worldview competencies. However, abstract physical processes—such as electromagnetic induction, wave interference, and molecular motion—often lack direct sensory perception, making them difficult for students to grasp. This is particularly true for middle school students (grades 7–9), who are transitioning from concrete to abstract thinking.Visualization methods address these challenges by transforming abstract concepts into tangible, interactive experiences. This article examines the theoretical foundations of visualization in physics education, classifies its methods, and evaluates their practical application in school settings.Cognitive Challenges in Learning Physics.Middle school students encounter significant difficulties when studying physics due to the abstract nature of its concepts. Research indicates that traditional teaching methods, which rely heavily on symbolic systems (formulas and definitions), often fail to connect theoretical knowledge with students lived experiences [2, с. 67]. For example, phenomena like molecular motion or electromagnetic wave propagation cannot be observed directly, leading to rote memorization rather than meaningful understanding.Visualization serves as a "cognitive bridge" [1, с. 33], linking theoretical models with students intuitive perceptions. By leveraging visual and dynamic representations, educators can make invisible processes visible and abstract concepts tangible.The Role of Visualization in Physics Education.Visualization in physics education is not merely illustrative, it is a pedagogical technology that structures knowledge and fosters scientific thinking. Dynamic visualization—such as animations and simulations—allows students to manipulate variables, observe outcomes in real time, and develop hypotheses [3, с. 84]. This approach aligns with modern educational standards, which emphasize the development of analytical skills and functional literacy [4, с. 11].Visualization techniques can be categorized based on several criteria:1. Dynamic vs. Static:- Static: Illustrations, diagrams, and graphs provide foundational understanding.- Dynamic: Animations and simulations reveal cause-and-effect relationships.2. Interactive vs. Passive:- Passive: Videos and presentations demonstrate processes without student input.- Interactive: Digital labs and modeling software (e.g., Scratch, PhET) enable hands-on experimentation.3. Source of Representation:- Real-world: Experiments with sensors and projectors.- Abstract: Computer-generated models and graphs.4. Functional Purpose:- Explanatory: Clarifies phenomena (e.g., Newton’s laws animations).- Investigative: Encourages hypothesis testing (e.g., virtual labs).Table 1 summarizes this classification with examples of tools and applications.Table 1. Classification of Visualization Methods in School Physics.Computer Simulations and Animations.Simulations and animations are particularly effective for visualizing processes that are otherwise imperceptible. For example:- Mechanics: Simulations of free-fall motion or friction forces allow students to manipulate variables (e.g., mass, air resistance) and observe outcomes.- Molecular Motion: Animations depict particle behavior in gases, making abstract concepts like pressure and temperature tangible.- Wave Phenomena: Interactive models of interference and diffraction illustrate wave superposition and phase differences [7, с. 31].Tools like PhET Interactive Simulations and virtual labs (e.g., Crocodile Physics) provide accessible platforms for these activities, especially in schools with limited physical equipment.Digital Experiments with Visual Elements.Incorporating sensors, video recordings, and projectors into experiments enhances observational precision and student engagement. Examples include:- Sound Waves: Microphones and spectral analyzers visualize frequency and amplitude.- Thermal Phenomena: Temperature sensors track heat transfer in real time.- Electromagnetism: Projectors display circuit diagrams alongside live experiments [6, с. 81].These methods transform passive observation into active investigation, fostering deeper understanding.Interactive Presentations and Models.Interactive models (e.g., planetary motion simulators) and multimedia presentations (e.g., Genially, PowerPoint with macros) enable students to explore complex systems dynamically. For instance:- Pressure in Fluids: Interactive models let students adjust parameters (e.g., fluid height, piston area) and observe pressure changes.- Electromagnetic Oscillations: Presentations break down concepts into sequential, visually rich modules [5, с. 119].Methodological Recommendations.To maximize the effectiveness of visualization tools, educators should:1. Align Tools with Learning Objectives: Ensure each visual element serves a specific pedagogical purpose.2. Prioritize Interactivity: Encourage student manipulation of models to foster active learning.3. Combine Multiple Formats: Use graphs, animations, and real-world experiments to cater to diverse learning styles.4. Integrate Gradually: Introduce visuals at key lesson stages (e.g., motivation, explanation, assessment).Visualization methods are indispensable for teaching complex physical processes in middle school physics. By transforming abstract concepts into interactive, dynamic representations, these tools enhance comprehension, engagement, and scientific thinking. The classification and practical applications discussed in this article provide a framework for educators to integrate visualization effectively, aligning with modern educational standards and technological advancements.Future research could explore the long-term impact of visualization on students conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills in physics.
Номер журнала Вестник науки №6 (87) том 2
Ссылка для цитирования:
Ilyinsky A.A. VISUALIZATION METHODS FOR COMPLEX PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN SCHOOL PHYSICS EDUCATION // Вестник науки №6 (87) том 2. С. 848 - 853. 2025 г. ISSN 2712-8849 // Электронный ресурс: https://www.вестник-науки.рф/article/23988 (дата обращения: 08.07.2025 г.)
Вестник науки © 2025. 16+