Saydullayeva I., Rakhmonov V., Nomozova Z.
BIOECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SCUTELLARIA L. SPECIES *
Аннотация:
the genus Scutellaria L. (skullcap) belongs to the family Lamiaceae and comprises more than 300 species worldwide, of which about 10–15 species occur in the flora of Uzbekistan. Representatives of this genus are mostly perennial herbs well adapted to arid climates, mountain slopes, and sandy habitats. Their bioecological characteristics include drought tolerance, adaptability to soil and climatic factors, and relatively short vegetation periods. Scutellaria species contain flavonoids (baicalin, wogonin, baicalein), essential oils, glycosides, and other biologically active compounds, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, sedative, antiallergic, and cardioprotective effects. Therefore, these plants have been used in traditional medicine since ancient times and are currently in demand in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, Scutellaria species are valued for their ornamental properties, serve as a good nectar source for bees, and play an ecological role in reducing soil erosion on mountain slopes. Under the conditions of Uzbekistan, studying and cultivating these species as medicinal raw materials is considered a highly promising direction.
Ключевые слова:
Scutellaria, bioecology, medicinal plants, flavonoids, pharmacological properties, Uzbekistan flora, traditional medicine, pharmaceutical potential, ecological significance
Materials and Methods.The study was carried out during 2022–2024 in the natural habitats of Surkhandarya region (at an altitude of 750–1200 m) and Kashkadarya region (650–950 m). The species Scutellaria galericulata L., Scutellaria orientalis L., and Scutellaria adenostegia Bunge were selected for investigation [1,2,3]. Phenological observations were conducted according to the international methodology (FAO, 2015): germination period (mid-April), vegetative growth (late April – mid-May), flowering (mid-May – mid-June), fruiting (late June – mid-July), and the end of vegetation (mid-August) [4,5]. The chemical composition was determined using spectrophotometry and chromatography methods, measuring the content of the main flavonoids (baicalin, wogonin, luteolin). Biomass measurements were conducted on 30 individual plant samples of each species [6,7].Results.Biomass: S. galericulata produced an average of 325 ± 12 g dry mass, S. orientalis 280 ± 15 g, and S. adenostegia 310 ± 10 g of biomass (Fig 1).Fig. 1. Average Biomass (±SE) of Scutellaria Species.Vegetation duration: S. galericulata – 115 days, S. orientalis – 105 days, S. adenostegia – 120 days (Fig 2).Fig. 2. Average Vegetation Duration (days) of Scutellaria Species.Flowering period: S. galericulata flowered for 28 days, S. orientalis for 22 days, and S. adenostegia for 30 days (Fig 3).Fig. 3. Flowering Period of Scutellaria Species.Table 1. Average Flavonoid Content (%).Flavonoid content: Baicalin – 3.2–4.1% (in relation to dry mass), Wogonin – 1.8–2.5%, Luteolin – 0.9–1.4% (Tab 1).Table 2. Dry Mass Yield of Scutellaria Species (t/ha).t/ha means tons per hectare. t = ton (1 ton = 1000 kilograms), ha = hectare (1 hectare = 10,000 m² of land). For example, 1.25 t/ha means 1.25 tons of dry mass yield is obtained from one hectare of land. As medicinal raw material, the yield per hectare in natural habitats was: S. galericulata – 1.25 t/ha, S. orientalis – 1.05 t/ha, and S. adenostegia – 1.15 t/ha of dry mass (Tab 2). The obtained results indicate that Scutellaria species possess not only ecological adaptability but also significant value as pharmaceutical raw materials [8-12].Conclusion.During 2022–2024, studies conducted in Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya regions investigated the bioecological characteristics and pharmacological significance of Scutellaria galericulata L., S. orientalis L., and S. adenostegia Bunge. Phenological observations determined the growth period, flowering, and fruiting phases of these species. The average vegetation duration was 115 days in S. galericulata, 105 days in S. orientalis, and 120 days in S. adenostegia. The flowering period lasted for 28, 22, and 30 days, respectively. Biomass measurements showed that S. galericulata produced on average 325 ± 12 g, S. orientalis 280 ± 15 g, and S. adenostegia 310 ± 10 g of dry mass. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of major flavonoids, including baicalin (3.2–4.1%), wogonin (1.8–2.5%), and luteolin (0.9–1.4%).In natural habitats, the yield as medicinal raw material per hectare was found to be 1.25 t/ha for S. galericulata, 1.05 t/ha for S. orientalis, and 1.15 t/ha for S. adenostegia. These results demonstrate that Scutellaria species not only possess high ecological adaptability but also hold great potential as valuable pharmaceutical raw materials.
Номер журнала Вестник науки №8 (89) том 4
Ссылка для цитирования:
Saydullayeva I., Rakhmonov V., Nomozova Z. BIOECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SCUTELLARIA L. SPECIES // Вестник науки №8 (89) том 4. С. 252 - 257. 2025 г. ISSN 2712-8849 // Электронный ресурс: https://www.вестник-науки.рф/article/25454 (дата обращения: 18.01.2026 г.)
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