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Saitokhunov M.T.

  


METHODS OF EXAMINATION OF A DENTAL PATIENT *

  


Аннотация:
the article deals with the problems of taking care of dental health through the examination of a dental patient because the right diagnosis of the patient’s disease is very important in medical treatment. Such kinds of examination methods as survey, examination, auxiliary examination methods, and laboratory examination methods are analyzed in the article. Each method is explained in detail   

Ключевые слова:
accurate diagnosis, disease, examination methods, laboratory, survey, dental system, tooth tissue, oral cavity, jaw area, tumors, injuries, facial skin   


The purpose of examination methods is to make an accurate diagnosis of the patient’s disease. Examination methods are divided into the following groups: survey, examination, auxiliary examination methods, laboratory examination methods. Survey. The survey is the first stage of examination. At the time of the survey, the following should be identified: the patient's complaint, current and past illnesses, working style, and nature of the pain. The survey begins with identifying the patient’s complaints, i.e., when the pain occurred, what effects cause the exacerbated or diminished the pain, and the duration of the pain. The nature of the pain is a key criterion in determining the diagnosis and making a comparative diagnosis. Diseases of the dental system can be associated with many somatic diseases in the body. It will therefore be necessary to identify past and present diseases at the time of the survey. It is also important how these diseases have been treated. Determining the patient's working style is also important. The reason is the development of dental diseases in employees working in enterprises that have some harmful effects. For example, in employees of the enterprise working with acids, non-carious defects of hard tooth tissue are observed. Attention should also be paid to the patient’s voice during the survey. The survey plays an important role in determining the initial diagnosis. Review. The review is the first stage of an objective examination and should be performed in well-lit conditions. The examination is divided into an external examination and an oral examination. In external examination, the colour of the patient's facial skin, facial symmetry is determined. On examination of the oral cavity, the teeth, the mucous membrane of the oral cavity are examined. Facial asymmetry is observed in inflammatory diseases of the facial and jaw area, tumors, injuries, endocrine and renal diseases. Attention is paid to the colour of the facial skin. For example: facial skin turns white in anemia and kidney disease; jaundice in diseases of the liver and intestines. The condition of the lymph nodes also plays an important role during the external examination. Therefore, the condition of the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes is checked. Attention is paid to the size, mobility, pain and adhesion of lymph nodes to adjacent tissues. Usually the cheeks, bottom of the mouth, gums, and hard palate should be moist, light pink in colour. As a result of pathological processes, changes occur in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity: the colour changes, tumors are formed, pathological gum pockets appear, and so on. All teeth should be examined when performing an examination of oral cavity. It determines the presence of caries, its size, surface, previous treatment, colour, degree of movement. Dental examination is performed using a dental mirror and probe. It determines their number, colour, location in the row of teeth and the presence of dentures. Examination of teeth should be done in a certain order. The examination is first completed in the left last molar, starting from the last molars (large food teeth) of the  right upper jaw. It then begins at the lower left last molars and ends at the lower right last molars. The entire surface of each tooth is inspected. After the examination of each tooth, the identified condition is represented by the symbols marked on the medical record. Probing. Probing is done using a straight or bent probe. Probing is used to determine the presence of caries, the depth of the caries cavity, the presence of softened dentin, the openness of the tooth cavity, the location of the root canal, the presence of painful spots. The depth of the gum pocket is measured using a specially marked pariodontological probe. Percussion. The percussion examination method helps to determine the condition of the periodontal tissue and is performed using the handle of the dental mirror. Percussion is defined in two different ways: horizontally and vertically. While horizontal percussion determines the position of the marginal periodontal tissue, vertical percussion determines the position of the root tip periodontium. Percussion should be begun with a light, flat, healthy tooth first. Vertical percussion is performed on the cutting or chewing surfaces of the teeth. In horizontal percussion, it is drawn from the lateral surface of the tooth. Percussion should always be performed in a comparative order. To do this, a group of teeth located next to the tooth being examined and in another square is percussed. In a healthy tooth, percussion is always painless. Palpation. Palpation method is used to determine the infiltrate, tumors, the degree of movement of the teeth, the condition of the lymph nodes. Palpation can be superficial or deep and can be performed externally and in the oral cavity. Palpation should be performed gently, without causing a pain reaction. To do this, first palpation should be started by the patient's healthy tooth and gradually moved to the affected side.

  


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Номер журнала Вестник науки №7 (28) том 2

  


Ссылка для цитирования:

Saitokhunov M.T. METHODS OF EXAMINATION OF A DENTAL PATIENT // Вестник науки №7 (28) том 2. С. 115 - 118. 2020 г. ISSN 2712-8849 // Электронный ресурс: https://www.вестник-науки.рф/article/3439 (дата обращения: 28.03.2024 г.)


Альтернативная ссылка латинскими символами: vestnik-nauki.com/article/3439



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