Myrzagozhina G.R.
FEATURES OF THE FINNISH PRIMARY SCHOOL SYSTEM *
Аннотация:
this article analyzes the features of Finnish education system, which are based on the principles of equality and promote a personal orientation. The author of the article substantiates the thesis that Finnish education is based on the quality of teaching, equalization policy, assessment system, including the lack of an assessment system, priority of personal development, and individual approach
Ключевые слова:
forms of organization of the educational process, training of future primary school teachers, general education system, primary school
Education is the basic sphere of reproduction of human potential, in which a person is formed as a person. The knowledge obtained help to reveal the essence of human life in society, as a world Outlook, world view, defining the place and role of the individual in society, mastering the Humanities fundamentals of communication, norms of morality, social and cultural development of the individual make a person part of society. Professional training of a person in the educational system lays a solid Foundation for professional activity that best implements personal abilities and their labor potential. Research proves a stable relationship between human education and life expectancy and consequently knowledge as a result of education is important for longevity and has sociobiological significance. In 2018, the Organization of economic cooperation and development, as a result of international research, determined the intellectual rating of world countries and made the TOP 10 most educated countries of the planet. Finland entered the top ten and took an honorable eighth place there. But everything starts from school. The General education system operating in Finland is radically different from the usual domestic version and includes two stages: • lower stage includes students from 1st to 6th grades; • the upper one, which is intended for students from grades 7 to 9. This is the end of the standard graduation, because further students go to an additional optional tenth grade, after which they go to a professional College or Lyceum for two years. The academic year in Finland starts in the month of August. Each school has the right to choose its own day with a single condition: it should coincide with the recommended period from the 8th to the 16th. Children go to their Alma-mater for 5 days a week, and Friday is usually a short or fasting day. Students study all the same subjects as in Kazakhstan learn the basics first, basic subjects, which include mathematics, Russian language, reading, etc., and then from 5th form to this list are added narrow-profile subjects: physics, chemistry, biology, history and foreign languages, including 1-2 of your choice (Swedish, English, German or Russian). Moreover, in General education institutions, the principle of indepth study of any subject is not widespread – the same attention is paid to both core and core disciplines. An exception is made only for talented children, a group with creative or athletic children can be created specifically for them at school. The assessment system exists in the education sector of Finland only in words, that is, unlike our reality, assessments are not the top of aspirations for students and do not affect their reputation or the rating of the teacher and school. They are put solely for motivation on the way to new knowledge and do not have a threatening subtext. In General, grades in this country are completely absent until the third grade, their verbal variations are used until the 7th grade (such as" excellent"," good"," satisfactory"," mediocre"), and the 10-point system appears only when the child enters the 7th grade. who fall behind on the school curriculum after school and help them catch up on lost material for free. Education in Finland has a number of features: • students are not allowed to be divided into "excellent" and "losers ", "bad" and " good»; • control tests are entered at the discretion of the teacher, there are no exams. At the end of secondary school students only pass the mandatory standard test; • there are no clothing requirements at all; • homework is rarely asked; • it is not accepted to call children to the Board; • loyal attitude to study: if you want-study, if you don't want – finish 9 classes and go to work, and during your studies, focus on what will be useful during your future work. A year before entering primary school at the age of 6-7, children receive preschool education, which is compulsory for all. Specialized preparatory classes work both at local schools and in kindergartens by the decision of municipalities. Children are taught reading, writing, math, science, and ethics. At the age of 7, children go to primary school (alakoulu), which lasts for 6 years. Junior classes spend all their time in the same office with a permanent teacher. For the first two years of study students learn four main subjects: mathematics; reading; native language; and natural history. Additionally, they are engaged in physical education. Great attention is also paid to the creative development of children: they are taught to play various musical instruments, choral singing, drawing and modeling. In one lesson, the children were able to simultaneously explore multiple disciplines. Every year new lessons are added and by the end of the sixth grade, students have a basic knowledge of all the main subjects, which necessarily include Finnish, Swedish and two foreign languages. Grades in Finnish primary schools appear after grade 3 and are only given orally. Special attention is paid to inclusive education. All Finns are taught from an early age that children with speech defects and disabilities are full-fledged people who should be treated as equals. In addition to standard language, math and science classes children attend a wide range of additional classes in foreign languages, arts, crafts, ethics, and music. In between classes, children go outside for 15 minutes 4 times a day, regardless of weather conditions. Finnish teachers and parents accept these unregulated walks as a necessary part of the learning process. The emphasis on joy goes beyond the audience. Finnish children usually have more free time, as they are given less homework than their peers in other developed countries. Thus, the means to ensure high quality of educational outcomes in school education in Finland are the quality of teaching, the equalization policy, the assessment system, including the absence of a system of assessment up to grade 9, the priority of personal development and individual approach
Номер журнала Вестник науки №11 (32) том 1
Ссылка для цитирования:
Myrzagozhina G.R. FEATURES OF THE FINNISH PRIMARY SCHOOL SYSTEM // Вестник науки №11 (32) том 1. С. 6 - 9. 2020 г. ISSN 2712-8849 // Электронный ресурс: https://www.вестник-науки.рф/article/3674 (дата обращения: 27.04.2024 г.)
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