Baygabulova K.K., Abutalipova F.R.
DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVEENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN *
Аннотация:
in this article, innovation is considered as the main driving force of economic development. The object of the research is industrial and innovation policy at the present stage. The subject of this research is a detailed study of the processes of industrial and innovative development of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The aim of the work is to study the activities of enterprises in the light of industrial and innovation policy
Ключевые слова:
innovative entrepreneurship, competitiveness, modern economy, Kazakhstani economy, industrial and innovative development, synthesis, analysis, new technologies, novelty, investment policy
Innovation is a broad and varied term; interpretations of this category may differ depending on the quantitative and qualitative level of economic analysis. In the works of economists, many variants of definitions of innovation, the innovation process are given, in which different approaches to the consideration of the problem are traced, different, sometimes directly contradictory points of view are expressed. The essence of this category can be revealed through the significance and necessity of its impact on the two main parts of economic theory - macro- and microeconomics. Consequently, on the one hand, innovation is the use by economic entities of new combinations and techniques in economic activity (regardless of the field of economics) associated with the expected improvements in the production process and aimed at making a profit (microeconomic aspect). On the other hand: innovation is a new, alternative version of rationalizing the consumption of limited resources in order to achieve a qualitatively new type of economic growth under the conditions of accelerated action of the law of rising needs, achieved through the interaction of state and market structures (macroeconomic aspect). [1, p. 158.] Along with a large number of definitions, there are many approaches to the classification of innovations. Successful innovation management requires a careful study of innovation. First of all, it is necessary to be able to distinguish innovation from insignificant modifications in products and technological processes (for example, aesthetic changes - colors, shapes, etc.); minor technical or external changes in products, leaving the design unchanged and not having a sufficiently noticeable effect on the parameters, properties, cost of the product, as well as the materials and components included in it; from expanding the range of products by mastering the production of previously not produced at this enterprise, but already well-known on the market products, in order to meet current demand and increase the company's income. The novelty of innovations is assessed by technological parameters, as well as from market positions. Taking this into account, a classification of innovations is being built. [2] Depending on the technological parameters, innovations are subdivided into: -product innovations, they include the use of new materials, new semi-finished products and components; obtaining fundamentally new products. - process innovations mean new methods of organizing production (new technologies). Process innovation can be associated with the creation of new organizational structures within the enterprise (firm). According to the type of novelty for the market, innovations are divided into: -new for the industry in the world; -new for the industry in the country; -new for the given enterprise The Scientific Research Institute for System Research (NIISI) has developed an expanded classification of innovations, taking into account the areas of activity of the enterprise. On this basis, innovations stand out: - technological; - production; - economic; - trading; - social; - in the field of management. The need for state management of innovation processes is due to three factors: -the state of the economy; - the shortcomings of the mechanism of market self-regulation of innovations, which give rise to problems that cannot be solved without the participation of the state; -motivational factors in the formation of government revenues. The combination of investment with innovation can be defined as a synthesis in which fixed, passive capital also participates. A technological relationship is being created, where innovations are not a “foreign body”, but the most important element (core) of a unified system: an “investment object” and their economic purpose in ensuring the highest degree of competitiveness of the entire object. However, innovations have a short life cycle, usually 5-7 years, while investments are made in facilities designed to operate for 20-50 years. [3] Developed countries are characterized by an increase in funding for fundamental and applied research, accelerated development of innovations by stimulating the relationship between science and the private sector, all possible assistance to the creation and development of the corporate sector of science, direct orientation of scientific and technical potential to address economic and social problems. Given this state of affairs, the gap in the scientific and technological development of Kazakhstan and developed countries will further increase.[5] In this regard, it is necessary to adjust the state's long-term policy for the development of the productive forces of society, the basis of which should be the transition to high and science-intensive technologies and the reduction to a safe level of the share of the raw material component in the country's exports.
Номер журнала Вестник науки №3 (36) том 2
Ссылка для цитирования:
Baygabulova K.K., Abutalipova F.R. DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVEENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN // Вестник науки №3 (36) том 2. С. 63 - 68. 2021 г. ISSN 2712-8849 // Электронный ресурс: https://www.вестник-науки.рф/article/4259 (дата обращения: 16.04.2024 г.)
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