Annamyammedova Sh., Kakabaeva O., Maksadova M.
CLASSIFICATION OF WORD GROUPS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE *
Аннотация:
this article discusses the features of the development of the study of foreign languages and its impact on education. A cross and comparative analysis of the influence of the choice of the direction of development of the study of a foreign language was carried out. Recommendations on the introduction of technologies in education are given
Ключевые слова:
analysis, method, research, foreign language, teaching
УДК 811.111
Annamyammedova Sh.
Lecturer at the Department of Phonetics and Lexicology of the English Language
Turkmen State University named after Magtymguly
(Turkmenistan, Ashgabat)
Kakabaeva O.
Lecturer at the Department of Phonetics and Lexicology of the English Language
Turkmen State University named after Magtymguly
(Turkmenistan, Ashgabat)
Maksadova M.
Lecturer at the Department of Phonetics and Lexicology of the English Language
Turkmen State University named after Magtymguly
(Turkmenistan, Ashgabat)
CLASSIFICATION OF WORD
GROUPS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Abstract: this article discusses the features of the development of the study of foreign languages and its impact on education. A cross and comparative analysis of the influence of the choice of the direction of development of the study of a foreign language was carried out. Recommendations on the introduction of technologies in education are given.
Key words: analysis, method, research, foreign language, teaching.
In the vocabulary of any language, including English, there are numerous links, thanks to which the totality of lexical units becomes not a chaotic heap of words and stable phrases, but a fairly clear, albeit complex, organized system in which some subsystems of more closely related units are distinguished. words and phrases organized according to one principle or another. For different research purposes, different types of word groupings are effective. These include, in particular, thematic (or ideographic) groups, semantic fields, lexico-semantic groups, synonymic series, antonyms, etc.
Thematic groups are identified not so much on a linguistic basis as on an extralinguistic basis: the criterion for combining words here is that the things and phenomena they call occur together and are closely related to each other in reality (for example, terms of kinship, names of parts of the human body, military terms and etc.). Words within a topic group are usually in hyper-hyponymic relationships together. This type of relationship between units of the lexico-semantic system of a language, based on their generic conceptual commonality, is recognized as one of the most important constitutive principles for organizing the vocabulary of all languages. A classic example of this kind of structure is the designation of plants. In a number of plant names, the most general term plant stands out, which is generic in relation to all other plant names.
The names tree "tree", bush "bush", grass "grass", flower "flower" , etc. act in relation to the generic name, or hypernym, as subordinates, associated with the designation of less broad classes of plants, their individual subspecies and hyponyms associated with the relationship of subordination . In turn, they have a number of words subordinate to them - the names of specific types of trees, bushes, herbs, etc. - and correlate with them as hypernyms.
A semantic field is a structured group of words with related meanings, which is characterized by certain patterns. The semantic field theory is based on the position that linguistic units (of any level) do not have intrinsic significance in isolation, but acquire linguistic significance only due to their relations, both paradigmatic and syntagmatic, with other units in the system. When applied to lexical semantics, this principle means that it is useless, for example, to figure out the meaning of the word warm without at the same time examining its relationship with the words cold , hot , cool , freezing , scorching , etc. because the value warm is just a cell in a network of contrasts, one element in a system of oppositions. The same can be said about concrete nouns. It is impossible, for example, to determine what the word cat means in isolation, because this is also only one unit in the system of oppositions, along with such words as animal, dog, kitten, etc.
The founder of the theory of the semantic field is J. Trier. The novelty of Trier's theory lay in a purely structural approach to the study of the meaning of a word. He considered the entire vocabulary of the language as an integrated system in which each lexical unit is defined and distinguished by its relationship with other elements of the system. Separate words, playing the role of mosaic cubes, according to Trier, completely cover, without spaces, all the meanings covered by the vocabulary, and form a continuous field, a kind of mosaic that is in a state of motion (i.e., if a change occurs in one unit, this inevitably entails changes in neighboring units).
This model of semantic structure opened up a new way to study the meaning of a word: to trace the changes taking place in the system in diachrony. Of course, the entire vocabulary of a language cannot be studied in this way, but the task of studying more limited lexical fields, i.e. groups of words covering a certain concept. For example, there is a conceptual field in red. Physically, this is the part of the spectrum where there are different tones. They are objective. There are a lot of them. Are all of them reflected in the language and how? In English, for example, the concept of "red" is covered by the words: red - red, crimson; crimson - dark red, raspberry; vermillion – bright red, cinnabar, etc. The meaning of each of these words is defined as part of the conceptual field, and all of them are defined in relation to each other.
Trier's theory has been criticized, which, however, does not detract from the significance of his influence on lexical studies. For example, the assertion that the entire vocabulary of a language is structured as a single common field is not confirmed in practice. It is also impossible to agree with the statement that the elements of the field form a dense, compact, impenetrable structure in which there are no gaps (lacunae). Among other problems, one can name the exact selection of the conceptual field (concept) and the definition of the same field in different historical periods.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
Номер журнала Вестник науки №2 (59) том 3
Ссылка для цитирования:
Annamyammedova Sh., Kakabaeva O., Maksadova M. CLASSIFICATION OF WORD GROUPS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE // Вестник науки №2 (59) том 3. С. 125 - 128. 2023 г. ISSN 2712-8849 // Электронный ресурс: https://www.вестник-науки.рф/article/7314 (дата обращения: 08.05.2024 г.)
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